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09.13.06


Evolution Of The Hacker Threat

By Ken Baylor

Internet attacks are increasing in number and complexity. The simplicity of attacks such as Slammer has given way to more sophisticated attacks.

Those behind Internet attacks have also changed. The cyber-criminal of today is much less likely to be the neighborhood geek recklessly unleashing malware. Instead modern cyber criminals are often motivated by politics or greed.

Since 2003 there has been a rapid increase in spyware and corporate data theft. Spyware is frequently used in identity theft and may allow access to an individual's financial accounts. Corporate data theft attempts have focused on stored credit card information. Since the enactment of California's SB1386, successful thefts frequently result in public disclosure. This has a double effect; consumers are warned their information has been stolen and may attempt to limit the damage, while companies suffer public embarrassment. Companies may receive a drop in stock valuation following such incidents or go out of business.



Two types of Hacking attacks:

There are many ways to divide the different hacking attacks. For the purposes of this paper we will divide them into (i) Opportunistic and (ii) Targeted

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(i) Opportunistic

Opportunistic attacks do not focus on a particular target, rather they are aimed at millions of PCs. In terms of percentage success rates they are not very effective, however in absolute terms, they are very effective. Opportunistic attacks frequently focus on human weaknesses

a) The Nigerian/419 scams focus on greed and typically involve a scenario where the consumer receives an email promising them millions of dollars if they help the scammer transfer money. They usually have the net effect of draining the consumer's bank account and stealing their identity.

b) The ‘romantic scams' often target single girls in foreign countries. These are usually contacted through an online personal ad. After winning their trust the new boyfriend asks them to use their bank accounts to cash cheques and send the proceeds
overseas. A plausible reason is given and this usually happens for a few months. Then the police arrive and inform the girl she has been cashing modified or stolen cheques. The proceeds have disappeared at this point and so has the boyfriend,

c) Jokes and screensavers have historically had great success in forwarding viruses globally.

d) Opportunistic viruses and worms. These target millions of PCs which may are susceptible to direct attack due to suboptimal network deign and host protection. SQL Slammer, Code Red and Nimda fit into this category.

Only amateurs and those in ‘safe' countries (where law enforcement is generally uncooperative in cyber crime investigations) launch attacks from their own PCs. With almost 50% of consumer wireless networks in the US unencrypted, Hackers can easy piggyback onto another's network. In Europe the numbers are lower at approximately 25%. Nonetheless over 50% of those using encryption are using WEP encryption, which can be broken by experienced hackers in less than two minutes. Until WPA2 with strong passwords becomes commonplace, hackers will often find the easiest route to the internet is by piggybacking on a home user's wireless network. The access points they use will have very limited auditing, so if the police ever show up at the owners door, there will likely be no audit trail to track back to the hacker.

Continue Reading the Article

About the Author:
Ken Baylor Ph.D. MBA
CISSP, CISM, OCP, MCDBA, MCSE, SCNA
Director Market Development & Strategic Alliances
McAfee, Inc.

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